Bank and banking perspective: Historical perspective worldwide -- Philippine banking history -- Philippine banking today -- Perspective on bank or banking -- Nature of banking business -- Principles of banking business -- Types of banks -- Economic significance of banks -- Why the state supervises banks -- Bank organization : General aspects in establishing banks -- Organization, management, and administration -- Licensing of foreign banks -- Why banks are established as corporations -- Bank location -- Role of regulatory government bodies in bank organization -- Bank management : Board of directors -- Bank officers -- Bank operation -- Personal and educational qualities of a banker -- Bank supervision and examination : Purpose of examination and supervision -- External supervision -- Mechanics of examination -- Internal controls -- Programming of controls -- Bank credit instruments : Negotiability of credit instruments -- General division of credit instruments -- Promises to pay -- Bank notes distinguished from standard money -- Bank notes distinguished from deposits -- Orders to pay -- Promises to pay vs. orders to pay -- Checks and drafts distinguished -- Money market instruments -- Negotiation -- Presentment -- Dishonor -- Endorsement -- Significance of bank credit instruments -- Bank reports : Who needs bank reports? -- Types of bank reports -- The bank statement -- Bank liabilities -- Minimum capital requirement -- Bank earnings and expenses -- Criticism on published statements -- Analysis of transactions -- Classification of bank accounts -- The commercial bank : Functions of a commercial bank -- Bank services -- Universal bank -- Non-Financial allied undertakings -- Financial allied undertakings -- Departmentalization -- Forms of bank credit -- Sources of bank funds -- The deposit function : Ways of enticing depositors -- Deposits defined -- Types of deposits -- Kinds of depositors -- Motives of depositors -- Significance of deposits to a bank -- The deposit function -- The receiving teller -- Deposit slips and deposit items -- The paying teller -- Other tellers -- How to open a bank account -- Current vs. savings accounts -- Philippine deposit insurance corporation : The role of the PDIC -- Board of directors: composition and authority -- President: powers and duties -- Sources of funds -- Bank monitoring and extension of financial assistance -- Termination and reinstatement of insured status of banks -- Payment of insured deposit claims -- Bank reserves : Primary reserves -- Factors affecting size of primary reserve requirements -- Secondary reserves -- Investment reserve -- BSP's current policies on reserve requirements -- The loan and discount functions -- Loans vs. discounts -- Relation of loans to deposits -- Types of loans -- Lines of credit -- Loan portfolio -- Loan and discount department -- Procedure for loan application and processing -- Credit investigation -- Credit investigation report -- Control of credit -- Follow-up and collection of loans -- The exchange function : Items exchanged -- The clearing house -- Origin of the modern-day clearing house -- Kinds of exchanges -- Communication breakthroughs -- The collection process -- Foreign exchange -- Letter of credit financing : How to apply for letter of credit -- Opening the letter of credit itself -- Parties to a letter of credit -- Purposes of the letter of credit -- Mechanics of letter of credit financing -- Letters of credit classified -- Essential features of the letter of credit -- Documents required with letters of credit -- Acceptance credit -- Bank's position before and after acceptance -- Creation of acceptance credit -- The trust receipt -- BSP's current policies on letter of credit -- The trust function : Nature of trust -- Origin of trust companies --Bank's trust department -- Trust activities of banks -- Kinds of trust -- Why banks make better trustees -- Advantages of agency services -- Investment of trust funds -- Regulations of trust companies -- The Philippine financial system : The bangko sentral ng pilipinas -- The banking institutions -- Private banking institutions -- Government banking institutions -- Non-bank financial institutions -- Private non-bank institutions -- Government non-bank financial institutions -- The international financial institutions : The international banking -- The world bank -- The international monetary fund -- The bank for international settlements -- The export-import bank -- The asian development bank -- The european bank for reconstruction and development -- The development bank of japan -- The US agency for international development.